济南的泉水
Spring Water in Ji'nan
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An article about the famous springs in Ji'nan, Shandong Province.
49 new words
悠久yōujiǔlong-standing, age-old
济南有悠久的泉水文化。
Jinan has a long culture of springs.
文字wénzìwritten language
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
记载jìzǎito put down in writing
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
形状xíngzhuàngshape
济南周边的岩石形状和表面并不完全相同，有的地势较陡，岩层向一边倾斜，水流更容易集中；另一些地点像珍珠一样冒出许多小泉。
描写miáoxiěto describe, to depict
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
赞美zànměito praise, to extol
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
诗shīpoem
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
老百姓lǎobǎixìngordinary people, civilians
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
充满chōngmǎnto be full of
这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。
These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
感激gǎnjīto feel grateful
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
从而cóng'érthus, consequently
这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。
These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
产生chǎnshēngto emerge, to arise
这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。
These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
传说chuánshuōlegend
这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。
These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
善良shànliángkind-hearted
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
救jiùto save, to rescue
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
晕yūnto faint, to pass out
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
龙lóngdragon
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
治zhìto treat, to cure
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
玉yùjade
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
壶húpot, kettle
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick.
抢qiǎngto rob, to snatch
有人想抢走玉壶，龙便把它埋在地下，隐藏起来。
Someone tried to seize the pot, so the dragon buried and hid it underground.
埋máito bury
有人想抢走玉壶，龙便把它埋在地下，隐藏起来。
Someone tried to seize the pot, so the dragon buried and hid it underground.
藏cángto hide
有人想抢走玉壶，龙便把它埋在地下，隐藏起来。
Someone tried to seize the pot, so the dragon buried and hid it underground.
如今rújīnnowadays, present
故事未必真实，却说明人们愿意把泉水看成珍贵的礼物；如今，这类传说仍在许多地方流传。
The story may not be true, but it shows that people regard spring water as a precious gift; such legends are still passed on in many places today.
分布fēnbùto be distributed (over an area)
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
天然tiānránnatural
从天然条件看，泉水的形成与地势、岩石有关。
优美yōuměigraceful, beautiful
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
独特dútèunique, distinctive
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
反映fǎnyìngto reflect, to mirror
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
珍珠zhēnzhūpearl
济南周边的岩石形状和表面并不完全相同，有的地势较陡，岩层向一边倾斜，水流更容易集中；另一些地点像珍珠一样冒出许多小泉。
形成xíngchéngto form, to take shape
从天然条件看，泉水的形成与地势、岩石有关。
于yúprep. from, out of
科学解释并没有削弱清泉之美，反而让人看见存在于地下的结构如何为城市提供水源。
广大guǎngdàvast, extensive
无论是诗人写的赞美，还是地质研究的结论，都在提醒广大市民认真而长久地保护水源。
岩石yánshírock
从天然条件看，泉水的形成与地势、岩石有关。
亿yìhundred million
雨水在地下流到泉眼，通常需要数年到数十年；形成这些岩石的时间才可按亿年计算。
石灰岩shíhuīyánlimestone
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
地区dìqūarea, region
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
表面biǎomiànsurface
济南周边的岩石形状和表面并不完全相同，有的地势较陡，岩层向一边倾斜，水流更容易集中；另一些地点像珍珠一样冒出许多小泉。
角度jiǎodùangle, degree of angle
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
斜xiéoblique, slanting
济南周边的岩石形状和表面并不完全相同，有的地势较陡，岩层向一边倾斜，水流更容易集中；另一些地点像珍珠一样冒出许多小泉。
为wéito become
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。
Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
火成岩huǒchéngyánigneous rock
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
碰pèngto meet, to come across
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
挡dǎngto block, to get in the way of
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
地势dìshìterrain, topography
从天然条件看，泉水的形成与地势、岩石有关。
冲chōngto rush, to dash
雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。
泉城quánchéngSpring City (Ji'nan)
早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。
Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles.
治（疗）zhì (liáo)to treat, to cure
（隐）藏(yǐn) cángto hide
Listen to the text
济南有悠久的泉水文化。早期的文字留下记载，地方诗作和游人的描写也从不同角度赞美这座泉城。老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。
jì nán yǒu yōujiǔ de quán shuǐ wén huà。 zǎo qī de wénzì liú xià jìzǎi， dì fāng shī zuò hé yóu rén de miáoxiě yě cóng bù tóng jiǎodù zànměi zhè zuò quánchéng。 lǎobǎixìng xīn zhōng mǎn shì gǎnjī， yīn wéi quán shuǐ bù jǐn yōuměi、 dútè， yě fǎnyìng le dāng dì rén yǔ shuǐ xiāng chù de fāng shì。 zhè lǐ chōngmǎn yǔ quán yǒu guān de rì cháng tǐ yàn， rén men cóng'ér chǎnshēng bù tóng de chuánshuō。
Jinan has a long culture of springs. Early written records, local poems, and visitors’ descriptions all praise the city of springs from different angles. Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water. These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
有一则传说写道：一条善良的龙曾用玉壶里的水救过晕倒的人，又替人治病。有人想抢走玉壶，龙便把它埋在地下，隐藏起来。故事未必真实，却说明人们愿意把泉水看成珍贵的礼物；如今，这类传说仍在许多地方流传。
yǒu yī zé chuánshuō xiě dào： yī tiáo shànliáng de lóng céng yòng yù hú lǐ de shuǐ jiù guò yūn dào de rén， yòu tì rén zhì bìng。 yǒu rén xiǎng qiǎng zǒu yù hú， lóng biàn bǎ tā mái zài dì xià， yǐn cáng qǐ lái。 gù shì wèi bì zhēn shí， què shuō míng rén men yuàn yì bǎ quán shuǐ kàn chéng zhēn guì de lǐ wù； rújīn， zhè lèi chuánshuō réng zài xǔ duō dì fāng liú chuán。
One legend says that a kind dragon once saved a person who had fainted with water from a jade pot and also treated the sick. Someone tried to seize the pot, so the dragon buried and hid it underground. The story may not be true, but it shows that people regard spring water as a precious gift; such legends are still passed on in many places today.
从天然条件看，泉水的形成与地势、岩石有关。雨水落到石灰岩分布的地区，沿着裂缝向下渗透；当水流碰到较密的岩层或火成岩时，便受到阻挡，在压力作用下从地表冲出。雨水在地下流到泉眼，通常需要数年到数十年；形成这些岩石的时间才可按亿年计算。
cóng tiānrán tiáo jiàn kàn， quán shuǐ de xíngchéng yǔ dìshì、 yánshí yǒu guān。 yǔ shuǐ luò dào shíhuīyán fēnbù de dìqū， yán zhe liè fèng xiàng xià shèn tòu； dāng shuǐ liú pèng dào jiào mì de yán céng huò huǒchéngyán shí， biàn shòu dào zǔ dǎng， zài yā lì zuò yòng xià cóng dì biǎo chōng chū。 yǔ shuǐ zài dì xià liú dào quán yǎn， tōng cháng xū yào shù nián dào shù shí nián； xíngchéng zhè xiē yánshí de shí jiān cái kě àn yì nián jì suàn。
Naturally, springs form through the relation between terrain and rock. Rainwater falls in areas where limestone is distributed and seeps down through cracks. When the water meets denser rock layers or igneous rock, it is blocked and, under pressure, rushes out at the surface. Rainwater usually takes years to decades to travel underground to a spring outlet; it is the formation of the rocks that can be measured in hundreds of millions of years.
济南周边的岩石形状和表面并不完全相同，有的地势较陡，岩层向一边倾斜，水流更容易集中；另一些地点像珍珠一样冒出许多小泉。科学解释并没有削弱清泉之美，反而让人看见存在于地下的结构如何为城市提供水源。
jì nán zhōu biān de yánshí xíngzhuàng hé biǎomiàn bìng bù wán quán xiāng tóng， yǒu de dìshì jiào dǒu， yán céng xiàng yī biān qīng xié， shuǐ liú gèng róng yì jí zhōng； lìng yī xiē dì diǎn xiàng zhēnzhū yī yàng mào chū xǔ duō xiǎo quán。 kē xué jiě shì bìng méi yǒu xuē ruò qīng quán zhī měi， fǎn ér ràng rén kàn jiàn cún zài yú dì xià de jié gòu rú hé wéi chéng shì tí gōng shuǐ yuán。
The shapes and surfaces of the rocks around Jinan are not all the same. Some terrain is steeper, with rock layers slanting to one side, letting water collect more easily; in other places many small springs emerge like pearls. A scientific explanation does not weaken the beauty of springs. Instead, it shows how underground structures supply a city with water.
因此，泉城的名声既来自自然，也来自人的观察。无论是诗人写的赞美，还是地质研究的结论，都在提醒广大市民认真而长久地保护水源。只有不随意污染、不浪费，清泉才能继续为城市带来生活、记忆和安静的力量。
yīn cǐ， quánchéng de míng shēng jì lái zì zì rán， yě lái zì rén de guān chá。 wú lùn shì shī rén xiě de zànměi， hái shì dì zhì yán jiū de jié lùn， dōu zài tí xǐng guǎngdà shì mín rèn zhēn ér zhǎng jiǔ dì bǎo hù shuǐ yuán。 zhǐ yǒu bù suí yì wū rǎn、 bù làng fèi， qīng quán cái néng jì xù wéi chéng shì dài lái shēng huó、 jì yì hé ān jìng de lì liàng。
The city’s reputation therefore comes from both nature and human observation. Whether in a poet’s praise or a geologist’s conclusion, the message is to protect water sources. This needs the shared participation of the wider public. Only by avoiding pollution and waste can the springs continue to give the city life, memory, and quiet strength.
Tap a marked word for its meaning. Tap a line to see the English.
Grammar
有人想抢走玉壶，龙便把它埋在地下，隐藏起来。Someone tried to seize the pot, so the dragon buried and hid it underground.
动词+起来
起来. '起来' can be used as a complement after verbs to indicate the beginning or completion of an action, or to express a change from dispersed to gathered state.
地下水流到这里，碰到火成岩挡住了路，就积蓄起来，越积越多。
Dìxiàshuǐ liúdào zhèlǐ, pèngdào huǒchéngyán dǎngzhùle lù, jiù jīxù qǐlái, yuè jī yuè duō.
The groundwater flows here and meets the igneous rock blocking its path.
这里充满与泉有关的日常体验，人们从而产生不同的传说。These everyday experiences with springs have thus given rise to different legends.
前句表示原因/方法+从而+后句表示结果/目的
从而. '从而' is a conjunction used between two clauses. The first clause expresses a reason, method, or approach, and the second clause expresses a result, purpose, or goal.
比赛前做好思想准备可以减少运动员的压力，从而取得比赛的成功。
Bǐsài qián zuòhǎo sīxiǎng zhǔnbèi kěyǐ jiǎnshǎo yùndòngyuán de yālì, cóng'ér qǔdé bǐsài de chénggōng.
Mental preparation before a competition can reduce athletes' stress, thus achieving success in the competition.
雨水在地下流到泉眼，通常需要数年到数十年；形成这些岩石的时间才可按亿年计算。
于+时间/地点/对象
于. '于' is a formal preposition equivalent to '在', '从', '对', '向', '比', etc. It's commonly used in written Chinese.
这家公司成立于1997年。
Zhè jiā gōngsī chénglì yú 1997 nián.
This company was established in 1997.
老百姓心中满是感激，因为泉水不仅优美、独特，也反映了当地人与水相处的方式。Local people feel grateful for the clear water because it is not only beautiful and distinctive, but also reflects the way people live with water.
A +为+ B(A becomes/is B)
为. '为' as a verb means 'to become' or 'to be'. It also means 'to act as' or 'to serve as', often used in more formal contexts.
而济南市区的地下岩石变为了火成岩……
Ér Jǐnán shìqū de dìxià yánshí biànwéile huǒchéngyán...
But in Ji'nan's urban area, the underground rock became igneous rock...
Which word means “to hide”?
Culture
水与我们的生活 - Water and Our Lives
Water not only meets people's needs for drinking and cleaning, but also shapes the way many cities live. Rivers, lakes, and springs often become places where residents gather, walk, and tell stories. In the past, people relied on water to move goods and irrigate land; today, clean water still concerns health and the environment. Valuing water resources means not only saving water, but also avoiding the pollution of rivers and caring about the ecology around water sources. Only when local people regard water as shared wealth can beautiful waterscapes and secure daily life continue together. Everyone has a responsibility for this.
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悠 from 悠久 · long-standing, age-old
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